Vetscape Animal Hospital

Glaucoma

GTMAdmin — Fri, 15 Aug 2025 18:37:30 +0000

Glaucoma is caused by increased pressure inside the eye. It is caused by fluid inside the eye not being able to drain effectively. It can be due to genetic or congenital abnormalities or secondary blockage of the drainage angle through severe inflammatory cells, excessive blood, lens luxations or tumours. This increased pressure can cause blindness and pain. Once an eye has developed glaucoma, there is no cure. Our treatment instead aims to keep the eye comfortable and sighted as long as possible.

Dry Eye

GTMAdmin — Fri, 15 Aug 2025 18:36:14 +0000

Dry eye is a term used for poor tear production. Tears are very important to keep the cornea clean and healthy and protects it from wind, dust and small foreign bodies. A simple Schirmer tear test can be used to measure the tear production. Treatment requires life-long care, treatment and monitoring.

Corneal Ulcers

GTMAdmin — Fri, 15 Aug 2025 18:35:03 +0000

Corneal ulcers are the most common ocular disease in companion animal practice It is essentially a wound to the cornea and can range from simple superficial breaks or abrasions to full thickness corneal perforations with iris prolapse. The depth of the wound determine the treatment options of conservative treatment to surgical options to repair the ulcers. Algar brush procedures, striate keratotomies and conjunctival grafts are some of the surgeries indicated for certain types of corneal ulcers.

Uveitis

GTMAdmin — Fri, 15 Aug 2025 18:34:22 +0000

Uveitis means inflammation of the vascular-rich parts of the eye namely the iris, ciliary body and sometimes even the choroid in the back part of the eye can also be involved. Uveitis is a serious condition that can have severe consequences like glaucoma, attachments, cataracts and even blindness. Early diagnosis and management is recommended to prevent further damage to the eye.

Staging for Mast Cell Tumours

GTMAdmin — Fri, 15 Aug 2025 18:32:03 +0000

Clinical staging is a term used in oncology, which describes the process of determining the extent of disease. It usually follows the WHO guide of TNM. T = tumour. The size, number of masses, appearance, site, and speed of growth is noted. N = regional lymph node status. The lymph node draining the site of the MCT is determined and that lymph node is sampled to determine if there is any spread of disease to it or not. M = metastasis. This is to see if there are any other sites of spread outside of the regional lymph node. In MCT, this usually is the spleen and liver. Tests to work out the clinical stage for MCT are usually a thorough physical examination, blood tests, fine needle aspirate samples of the regional lymph node, sentinel lymph node mapping, and abdominal ultrasound. In some rare cases, advanced imaging like MRI or CT may be needed.

MCT or Mast Cell Tumours

GTMAdmin — Fri, 15 Aug 2025 18:31:07 +0000

Mast cell tumours (MCT) are the most common type of skin cancer we see in dogs and on a gender-adjusted basis, the most common cancer we see in dogs. They arise in three general locations in dogs (1) cutaneous or skin (2) subcutaneous or under skin (3) mucosal derived or the lining of the mouth or vagina. The cutaneous site is the most common. The majority of dogs with MCT are curable with surgery but some do have a more aggressive form of the disease and require chemotherapy.

Surgical Treatment for AGASACA

GTMAdmin — Fri, 15 Aug 2025 18:30:22 +0000

If you dog or cat is a good candidate for surgery, then this will be discussed with you. If there are positive lymph nodes (i.e. spread), then these will be removed at the same time the anal sac tumour is removed too. The lymph nodes are in the abdomen, and it does require an open abdomen approach to remove them in most cases. There are minor risks associated with surgery that are specific to your pet, which will be discussed with you. The surgery to remove the anal sac tumour requires an incision in the skin a few cm’s away from the anus. Again, there are some minor risks with this that will be discussed.

Apocrine Gland Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma

GTMAdmin — Fri, 15 Aug 2025 18:29:42 +0000

Dogs and cats have anal sacs. These are two blind-ending sacs on either side of the anus located between the external and internal anal sphincter muscles. Dogs and cats may develop cancer from one or both anal sacs that will either cause some discomfort or a mass is noted on an annual vet visit incidentally. The diagnosis is made relatively easily by getting a fine needle sample for cytology.

Treatment of Oral Tumours

GTMAdmin — Fri, 15 Aug 2025 18:28:59 +0000

The most effective option in most cases is surgical removal. The degree of complexity of the resection is dependent on where the mass is exactly, how extensive it is and what the tumour type is. Some dogs and cats will require some bone to be removed with the tumour to ensure a complete (or margin-negative) resection. The good news is that most dogs and cats do very well with surgery and are able to return to a normal quality of life.

Oral tumours

GTMAdmin — Fri, 15 Aug 2025 18:27:53 +0000

Oral tumours are relatively common in dogs and cats. Tumour does not imply cancer and there are benign tumours that occur. These often are slow growing and do not cause many symptoms. The most common malignant cancer in a dog and cats’ mouth is melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma respectively.